Analysis Of The Poem I Hell And Back - 1404 Words

Audie Murphy, one of the most well recognized and most decorated soldiers of the United States’ army of World War II, participated in two battles which earned him respect and awards. The first, his efforts in taking Yellow Beach of southern France, earned him the Distinguished Service Cross. The second, in a battle outside of Holtzwihr, France, earned him the Medal of Honor. Not only are these events well documented for official records, they appear in his â€Å"autobiography† To Hell and Back, ghostwritten by David Spec McClure with Murphy providing details, along with various sources which include family scrapbooks, the accounts of soldiers who served with Murphy which they gave for his medal citations, and a recently published History of†¦show more content†¦This account, so far, squares with an account by Staff Sergeant Norman Hollen, also of Company B. Not mentioned in Hollen’s account was Murphy’s killing of two Germans who he stumbled acros s before finding the light machine-gun, a fact which is recounted in both Smith’s and Graham’s accounts . The accounts do seem to differ in that Murphy describes machine gun fire being responsible for Tipton’s death while Hollen suggests it was a sniper . Graham supports Murphy’s assertion of machine gun fire being the cause of Tipton’s death, as he places the blame not on a sniper in the house, but on the machine gun nest which Murphy storms . Meanwhile, David Smith, writer of The Price of Valor, sides with Hollen, claiming a single sniper shot was responsible for Tipton’s death. There seem to be two schools of thought as to what occurred and no reconciling them. However, Smith claims that Murphy said that it was a sniper, not a machine gun, contradicting the narrative of To Hell and Back. Murphy’s and Graham’s accounts seem to indicate that he did not use his carbine, while Hollen and Smith both claim that Murphy killed the two Germans who had approached with the flag of surrender with his carbine. Murphy, Smith, and Graham all agree on the fact that Murphy carried a German machine gun which he had captured â€Å"like a BAR† and fired it from the hip as he proceeded up the hill. This detail wasn’t mentioned by Hollen, who simply says that he proceeded up the hill withoutShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem I Hell And Back 1411 Words   |  6 Pagessouthern France, earned him the Distinguished Service Cross. The second, in a battle outside of Holtzwihr, France, earned him the Medal of Honor. Not only are these events well documented for official records, they appear in his â€Å"autobiography† To Hell and Back, ghostwritten by David Spec McClure with Murphy providing details, along with various sources which include family scrapbook s, the accounts of soldiers who served with Murphy which they gave for his medal citations, and a recently published HistoryRead MoreAnalysis Of Dante Alighieri s Inferno 1556 Words   |  7 PagesThe title of the reading that I chose to do a literary analysis on is Inferno by Dante Alighieri. What was this book about and what message does this particular ancient poem aim to explain? This epic poem was written in the fourteenth century and there were a lot of commentary involved in the story itself. Dante’s Inferno is widely seen as one of the greatest epics to ever grace textbooks. The text itself throughout this story speaks much to the concept of life and death and what the afterlife isRead More Analysis of Satans Speech in in John Miltons Paradise Lost1010 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Satans Speech in Miltons Paradise Lost      Ã‚  Ã‚   John Miltons Paradise Lost is a work of enduring charm and value because of its theological conceptions, its beautiful language, and its updating of the epic to the modern worlds values. Book II of this epic poem opens with Satans speech to his minions in hell, proposing war on Heaven itself. 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For instance, in Canto 15, we see Dante leaving the wood of suicides. The people there do not have a chance to assume a new metamorphosis form due the heinousness of the crime of suicide (Aligheri and Lombardo 72). In Canto 14, we further see that the rivers Acheron, Styx and Phegethon from pagan mythology form the river system of hell that Dante encounters (ibidRead MoreT.S. Eliot Paints a Grim Picture in The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufock1348 Words   |  6 Pagesas ineffectual and â€Å"almost, at times, the Fool† (119). Decidedly pessimistic in tone, â€Å"The Lovesong of J. Alfred Prufock† ironically provides its reader not with a lovesong as its title might suggest but, rather, an intense and unfavorable inner analysis in which the poem’s persona demonstrates anything but self-love. In its 131 lines, â€Å"The Lovesong of J. Alfred Prufock† manages to allude to a considerable array of literary works—among them Dante’s Inferno, Shakespearean plays, the bible, and Marvell’sRead MoreSatan As A Hero And A Villain916 Words   |  4 PagesSatan as a Hero and a Villain (Analysis of Satan in John Milton’s Paradise Lost) John Milton created Paradise Lost out of twelve books of well constructed poetry. A poem depicting and going into detail of the story of Adam and Eve, man’s creation and fall. The poem focuses on the actions of one particular character, Satan. Milton introduces his readers to Satan in Book I as a hero, trying to get revenge against God for throwing him out of Heaven, being banished to Hell. But as Satan carries on withRead More Analysis of T.S. Eliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock1424 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of T.S. Eliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock demonstrates the effects of social and economic pressure in the life of a Victorian man. T.S. Eliot shows us, in an ironic monologue, how the reality of age and social position paralyzes his character with fear. The poem opens with six lines from Dante?s ?Infernio?. This particular stanza explains that the speaker is in hell and the message can only be told to someone else in hell. TheRead MorePoetry Analysis of Limbo, Blessing and Half Caste Essay857 Words   |  4 PagesPoetry Analysis of Limbo, Blessing and Half Caste I have chosen four different poems of which come from varying cultural backgrounds and have a moral. I will now explain how the writers present their ideas and give the readers an insight into different cultures. Limbo is a poem, which shows us the feelings of slaves on slave ships written by Edward Kamau. This poem tells the story of slavery in a rhyming, rhythmic dance. It is ambitious and complex. There are two Read MoreIs Satan A Hero Or Villain?1258 Words   |  6 PagesIs Satan a Hero or a Villain? An Analysis of Milton’s Paradise Lost The heroic qualities of Satan in John Milton’s Paradise Lost are overwhelmingly masked by his ‘satanic’ and villainous acts which qualify his character to fall into a category of villain rather than hero. Paradise Lost is an epic poem and like all epic poems, requires an epic hero with a tragic flaw. The tragic flaws of Satan are too prominent and effectual to call him an epic hero, but rather these flaws, or evil characteristics

Acountability of a weapon Free Essays

This is a paper written on the importance of keeping eyes on your weapon, written by Private John Jacob smith on the twenty third of September year two thousand fourteen. When you are in possession of a weapon for training purposes, or otherwise, for example; m 4, m 4 320 combo, m 249 saw, m 240 b, or 240 c, It is important to always maintain physical or visual contact with the weapon at all times. Also you should never be more than your own arm’s length in distance from your weapon at any time. We will write a custom essay sample on Acountability of a weapon or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the event that you should need to use the toilet, you should mind a responsible battle buddy that you know you can trust and request for them to look over the weapon while you are using the toilet. In the event you can not find a battle buddy that is both responsible and trustworthy to watch over your weapon while you are using the toilet, you will have to bring the weapon with you in to the restroom and insure that you wash your hands before using the weapon again. When on a firing range, if for any reason you must leave your weapon with a persons who was placed with the responsibility of looking over your or a group of people’s paeans by a higher authority, first insure your weapon is placed in the safe position an also make sure that the weapon Is cleared before leaving the weapon in the care of this person. There are many ways to Insure that your weapon Is both secure and safe. Whichever method you chose to keep your weapon safe and secure Is up to you. If you fail to keep your weapon safe and secure It could result In punishment by your superior NCO or specialist. Leaving your weapon unsecured could also result In life threatening consequences. Those consequences could be perhaps a deranged older getting their hands on your weapon and using the weapon to do harm on your fellow soldiers or even civilians. This would make you solely responsible for any deaths or Injuries that the deranged soldier caused. Leaving you weapon unattended could also result In the loose of the weapon. In which case you would have to replace the weapon at full cost from your personal Income. This could leave you with short founds and could result In further loss of your own personal goods. Not only could losing your weapon effect you financially but It could also affect your chances of getting promoted In the future. The loss of your weapon could also affect your battle buddies, causing them to stay latter looking for your weapon Instead of going home to their family and loved ones. Affecting your battle puddles personal time with their families could possibly damage you relationship with your team members and In the end could brand you as a salt bag amongst your peers. In conclusion If you are not responsible with your weapon, all kinds of bad salt could happen. Accountability of a weapon By Amsterdam an also make sure that the weapon is cleared before leaving the weapon in the care of this person. There are many ways to insure that your weapon is both secure and safe. Whichever method you chose to keep your weapon safe and secure is up to you. If you fail to keep your weapon safe and secure it could result in punishment by your superior NCO or specialist. Leaving your weapon unsecured could also result in life deaths or injuries that the deranged soldier caused. Leaving you weapon unattended could also result in the loose of the weapon. In which case you would have to replace the weapon at full cost from your personal income. This could leave you with short founds and could result in further loss of your own personal goods. Not only could losing your weapon effect you financially but it could also affect your chances of getting promoted in the future. The loss of your weapon could also affect your battle buddies, causing them to stay latter looking for your weapon instead of going home to their family and loved ones. Affecting your battle buddies personal time with their families could possibly damage you relationship with your team members and in the end could brand you as a sit bag amongst your peers. In conclusion if you are not responsible with your weapon, all kinds of bad sit could happen. How to cite Acountability of a weapon, Papers

Health Behaviour Change for Indigestion and Headaches

Question: Discuss about theHealth Behaviour Change for Indigestion and Headachess. Answer: Introduction Health Behaviour change focuses on bringing about a change in ones daily routine that is aimed at improving the status of health of an individual. Health is an important asset and change in health behavior helps in preventing disease at a later stage of life (Peters, de Bruin and Crutzen 2015). This report will focus on reducing my intake of coffee from three large cups per day to one small coffee within a span of 6 weeks by maintaining a health behavior change diary. It will further elucidate on action plans undertaken, developing short term goals and reach the goal of having one small cup coffee in a day. The potential barriers and social support in the path of behavior change will be explained at length in the course of this report. An account of my experience has been elaborated in detail and its relation with the transtheoretical model has been provided in this report. Discussion Problem Drinking a large amount of coffee can have a detrimental effect on ones health. They may experience a surge in blood pressure and people who suffer from hypertension should limit their intake of coffee to one cup in a day (Quionez et al.2016). It is a cause of indigestion and headaches. Drinking three large cup of coffee in a day can wreak havoc in the health of an individual and one should consume 1 small cup of coffee in a day. I will develop a short term behavior goal which will enable me to reduce my weekly intake from three large cups to one small cup. With the help of rewards and support from friends and family I will endeavour to get rid of this bad habit until I am satisfied with one small cup of coffee. Plan, goal and enabler of the 2nd week Coffee withdrawal should be in stages otherwise one will suffer from headaches and nausea. This is the first stage in the transtheoretical model where people acquire knowledge about the healthy behavior. They start thinking about the positive results that can be attained after they would change their behavior (Pomm et al.2015). At this stage, people learn more from those people who adopt a healthy mode of life and they contemplate on what kind of a person they will grow to be after they have got rid of their bad habit. In this stage, I will add water to the coffee so that I will get lower quantity of coffee giving my body ample time to adjust myself to the reduced intake. There are many energy drinks that contain caffeine so I will look for those drinks as an alternative which I will consume in order to supplement the intake of coffee. Due to constant efforts, my daily intake has been reduced from three cups to two and a half cups in a day. Advertisements on tv and social media act a s a barrier so staying away from those advertisements will help me in achieving my target. Support from family who will change any advertisement on coffee while it is being played out on tv may help me to overcome the trigger of my urge for coffee. Plan, goal and enabler of the 3rd week My daily intake has been reduced to two and a half cup cup after repeated efforts. My next short term aim will be to further reduce the intake to two cups. At this stage, people are ready to make the particular healthy behavior an integral part of their life. They inform their near and dear ones about their resolve to bring a change in their behavior. Sleep disruption proved to be a hindrance in my 3rd week due to reduction in intake of coffee (Krankl and Gitlin 2015). Active support from my friends helped me to get over my urge for coffee. There is an intrinsic relationship between smoking and consumption of coffee and so less amount of smoking can help in reducing the intake of coffee. Plan, goal and enabler of the 4th week My short-term aim in my 4th week will be reduce the consumption of coffee to one and a half large cup. At this stage, people have to work very hard so that they can go ahead with their plan. People will learn to bolster their decision to change their behavior and they have to fight against desires to go back to their unhealthy way of life (Singh, Mller and Vicknasingam 2014). I will try to replace my intake of coffee to that of tea. Herbal tea especially green tea have great boons and one can replace coffee by tea which will provide long term benefits. Trying something new like tea can really help. The coffee withdrawal effect resulted in headache that created a barrier for me. Plan, goal and enabler of the 5th week My aim in this week would be to reduce my intake of coffee to one cup. In this stage, people become extremely aware of those particular situations that can entice them into going back to their unhealthy way of life. At this stage, people should have conversation with people who they can trust. An avid drinker of coffee will experience severe repercussions when deprived from his daily dosage of coffee (Setiawan et al.2015). It can have a very debilitating effect on those people who are addicted to it. I will start feeling lethargic and felt unmotivated. Productivity was brought down to largely owing to lack in energy factor as a resultant of the reduced intake. Plan, goal and enabler of the 6th week My aim in this week would be to reduce my intake to one small cup of coffee or half a large cup of coffee and achieve my final goal. In this final stage, people face a high risk of going back to the old unhealthy mode of life (Grosso et al. 2016). Extensive support from a physician and a coach may help to motivate the person. In this final stage, I have planned to switch over to decaffeinated soda to get over my pangs of coffee consumption. I will supplement it by fruit juice that is healthy and would not have any bad impact on my physical health. As a barrier, I will experience muscle pain and stiffness. While carrying out my exercise regimen, I will feel as if my muscles have huge amount of weight attached to them thus making things difficult for me. Reflection In the second week, people gain knowledge about the health behavior that they want to change. Other drinks that contain caffeine can act as an alternative drink. In the 3rd week, people need support from near ones so that they are motivated to leave their bad health behavior. Reducing smoking can help me to get over my health behavior. In the 4th week, coffee can be replaced by tea especially herbal tea that would help me to get over my bad habit. With the help of constant efforts, my daily intake of coffee can be reduced to one and a half cup. Headache may be experienced as a coffee withdrawal symptom. People may feel extremely lethargic in the 5th week and productivity will be brought down to a great extent. (Pomm et al.2015). Support from friends can be of great help because people have a tendency to relapse at this stage. In the 6th stage, one can switch over to fruit juice which is a healthy habit. Muscle stiffness may be experienced at this stage. With the help of strong determ ination and co-operation from near ones, bad health behavior can be curbed to a great extent. Rewards I will enjoy a dinner at my famous restaurant as a reward if I am able to achieve my goal in the second week. In my third week I can become a member of a comedy club in my locality and enjoy a good laughing session. I can plan to go to a concert with my friends that I have derailed for a long time during my fourth week as a reward. I can opt for a photography class that will take my mind away from coffee from some time and provide me a change. It will ease my nerves in my fifth week and help me in getting over my withdrawal symptoms (Schmit et al. 2016). As a reward, I will pamper myself in a luxury spa that will relieve my pangs for coffee and divert my mind away from it in my final week. The following table lays bare the progress, barrier and enabler from the 2nd - 6th week :- Number of week Current state Progress Barrier Enablers 2nd week 3 2 and a 1/2 Advertisements on tv Support from family 3rd week 2 and a 1/2 2 Sleep Disruption Support from friends and member of a comedy club 4th week 2 1 and a 1/2 Headache and urge of relapse Replacing by tea 5th week 1 and a 1/2 1 Lack of energy Photography class 6th week 1 a cup Muscle pain and stiffness Support from physician Conclusion: Coffee carries with it implications of health hazards and cause an irreparable damage to our health. It may increase the cholesterol level in an individual and it can also raise the blood pressure in an individual. People who are addicted to coffee have the dehydration problem. (Wu et al. 2015). Throughout a course of 6 weeks, my consumption of coffee reduced from three cups of coffee to half a cup of coffee. The first stage helped me gain knowledge about the particular health behavior. I learnt about the positive effects that change in behavior may bring to my life. Coffee advertisements in the television should be rebuffed. Family should provide extensive help in this stage. In the second week, I will add water to coffee to get rid of the obsession for coffee. One experiences tiredness and listening to songs may help in this regard. In the third week, sleep disruption will act as an hindrance and one should inform near ones from going back to their previous self. Being a member of a laughing club may help in this case. In my fourth week, my aim will be to further reduce it tone and a half- large cup. Coffee should be replaced by tea and having green tea will really help. Headache may act as a barrier and going outside with friends to a concert may greatly help. April In the fifth week, the problem of relapse occurs and one can steer clear of this by talking to people who can be trusted. One feels lethargic and unmotivated and productivity suffers greatly. In the final week, the intake of coffee will be finally reduced to half a large cup. Extreme support from the physician and family will be required at this stage to enable the individual from going back into a relapse. One can opt for fruit juice as an alternative and muscle pain may act as a barrier in this age. References: Grosso, G., Micek, A., Castellano, S., Pajak, A. and Galvano, F., 2016. Coffee, tea, caffeine and risk of depression: A systematic review and doseresponse meta?analysis of observational studies.Molecular nutrition food research,60(1), pp.223-234 Grosso, G., Stepaniak, U., Polak, M., Micek, A., Topor-Madry, R., Stefler, D., Szafraniec, K. and Pajak, A., 2016. Coffee consumption and risk of hypertension in the Polish arm of the HAPIEE cohort study.European journal of clinical nutrition,70(1), p.109. Krankl, J.T. and Gitlin, M., 2015. Caffeine?induced mania in a patient with caffeine use disorder: A case report.The American journal on addictions,24(4), pp.289-291. Peters, G.J.Y., de Bruin, M. and Crutzen, R., 2015. Everything should be as simple as possible, but no simpler: towards a protocol for accumulating evidence regarding the active content of health behaviour change interventions.Health Psychology Review,9(1), pp.1-14 Pomm, D., Svikis, D., Dillon, P., Dick, D. and Kendler, K., 2015. Caffeine withdrawal in college students: Differences by gender and beverage type.Drug Alcohol Dependence,146, p.e72 Quionez, S.G., de Vries, H., Norman, P., Conner, M. and Teixeira, P., 2016. Testing and integrating social cognitive models of health behaviour (change).European Health Psychologist,18(S), p.388 Schmit, S.L., Rennert, H.S., Rennert, G. and Gruber, S.B., 2016. Coffee consumption and the risk of colorectal cancer.Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers,25(4), pp.634-639 Setiawan, V.W., Wilkens, L.R., Lu, S.C., Hernandez, B.Y., Le Marchand, L. and Henderson, B.E., 2015. Association of coffee intake with reduced incidence of liver cancer and death from chronic liver disease in the US multiethnic cohort.Gastroenterology,148(1), pp.118-125 Singh, D., Mller, C.P. and Vicknasingam, B.K., 2014. Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) dependence, withdrawal symptoms and craving in regular users.Drug and alcohol dependence,139, pp.132-137 Wu, S., Han, J., Song, F., Cho, E., Gao, X., Hunter, D.J. and Qureshi, A.A., 2015. Caffeine intake, coffee consumption, and risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.),26(6), p.898

Riots in Vancouver Essay Example

Riots in Vancouver Paper The term riot is often used in tandem with events like protests, rallies or marches. We think of people with common goals and/or grievances coming together to have their opinions and voices heard. Common themes include injustice, freedom and human rights. We can watch riots on the news on a near daily basis. Egypt is rioting for the end of an autocratic government, Syria is protesting the dictatorship of their President, and Greece is rioting for economic reform. These protests often begin with peaceful intentions but can lead to emotional flare-ups and violent outbursts. This moment is when a rally becomes a riot. Those who engage in such behaviours like acting out towards law enforcement, or damaging personal or public property can be considered deviant. These so called-deviants are going against the natural social order of things and disrupting society. Sometimes such deviant acts are considered malicious or criminal in nature and other times these same acts are considered heroic and for the â€Å"greater good† of society. It may become difficult to distinguish what constitutes a deviant act. For example, two people may engage in burning police cars but if one of those people is doing so in protest of civil war, society sees merit in his/her actions. If the second person is burning the police car in an alcohol-fueled rage against the loss of a hockey game, that person is seen as deviant and their actions are seen as criminal. This paper will focus on the Vancouver riots of the 2011 Stanley Cup finals. The main objective will be to take a sociological perspective in regards to crowd behaviour; the deviant act of rioting and the role social media is playing in response to Vancouver riots themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on Riots in Vancouver specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Riots in Vancouver specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Riots in Vancouver specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer On Wednesday, June 15th 2011 in the city of Vancouver, hockey fans turned against the city in response to the 4-0 victory of the Boston Bruins over the Vancouver Canucks. Some 100,000 people crowded the streets of the downtown area to watch the Stanley cup game 7 finals and when the outcome was determined, a few so-called fans took their anger and disappointment out on cars, windows and each other. Damage was estimated at approximately $1. 3 million dollars and over 140 people were reported as injured (â€Å"A Tale,†2011). In an article by The Vancouver Sun, Vancouver’s police chief Jim Chu was reported saying that the riot was a result of young men and women disguised as Canucks fans who were actually criminals and anarchists† (Kane, 2011). Although there has been some backlash for how the police handled the riot, the Vancouver Police department had the riot under control within 3 hours of its outbreak. Canada has a long history with respect to riots and hockey. Win or lose, Canadians have found a reason to riot in response to Canada’s national pastime. The Globe and Mail presents a timeline for hockey riots in Canada. Beginning in 1955, when Montreal rioted after Maurice â€Å"Rocket† Richard was suspended and unable to play for the rest of the season. Habs fans took to the streets to protest the NHL decision and caused an estimated $100,000 in damage. Of the 8 riots mentioned in the timeline, Montreal was host to 5 of them. In 1994, Vancouver rioted in response to the loss of game 7 of the Stanley Cup finals to the New York Rangers. Approximately $1. 1 million dollars in damage, and over 200 injuries were reported. Edmonton has also rioted in the name of hockey, this time for a win. Edmontonians took to the streets of Whyte Avenue in celebration of the western conference win over the Anaheim Mighty Ducks. The celebration quickly changed its tune as members of the crowd began starting fires and looting from near by businesses. Clearly the relationship between rioting and hockey can be seen as a recurrent theme in Canadian sports history. The Vancouver riots of 2011 are not a new phenomenon. If past behaviour predicts future behaviour, then these riots will probably not be the last (â€Å"Hockey riots,† 2011). All riots must be considered as isolated events. Throughout the entire 2011 playoff series crowds of fans gathered in the streets to watch the games and cheer on their team without incident. In fact, Vancouver hosted the 2010 winter Olympics which boasted huge amounts of people crowding the streets without riots or altercation. To point a finger at all Canadians and say that we are unable to assemble in a crowd without issue would be ludicrous. The only thing that this particular riots can tell us is that a few â€Å"bad people† can ruin it for the rest of us. A few people made some poor choices and the city of Vancouver and its residents have to pay. On a positive note, crowds of people joined together the next day to clean up after the mess that these few individuals made. That speaks volumes about the kind of crowd behaviour that exists in Canada. Most sociological perspectives offer an interpretation of deviance and its causes. The most common approach to explaining deviance is probably conflict theory, stemming from the industrial revolution and Karl Marx (Plath, 2008, p. 2). Conflict theory, in brief, describes the tension between the ruling class and the working class within a capitalist society. Conflict arises between these groups because of the unequal division of wealth and power. This theory would posit that the oppressed peoples would eventually become aware of their oppression and revolt against those who oppress them (Barkan p14). The concept of two groups vying for power over one another does not seem to characterize the underlying causes of the Vancouver riots. Luke Plath, author of Anatomy of a Riot (2008) discusses how labeling theory coupled with law enforcement presence can lead to violent, unplanned outbursts within a crowd (p. 2). First, labeling theory is the act of attaching a label to someone and then consequentially treating him/her according to that label. Often, people will internalize the labels they receive and begin to act in accordance with them (Bereska, 2011, p. 79). Plath (2008) mentions that the mere presence of police, even at a peaceful protest or gathering, can instigate the feelings of being treated like a criminal. If enough people in the crowd internalize this feeling of being seen as deviant by the eyes of the law, a peaceful gathering can soon escalate to a violent riot (p. ). The concept of collective behaviour can be incorporated into the discussion of deviant behaviour and its relation to rioting. Steve Barkan (2011) defines collective behaviour as â€Å"relatively spontaneous and relatively unstructured behaviour by large numbers of individuals acting with or being influenced by other individuals† (p. 458). Barkan (2011) discusses four main types of crowds: casual, conventional , expressive and acting. Casual and conventional crowds are more general and do not really detail collective behaviour or deviant acts by groups or individuals. Expressive crowds reflect a group of individuals who gather for a specific purpose and with emotionally expressive tendencies, like at a political rally. If an expressive crowd becomes too emotionally charged, it may progress into an acting crowd and engage in violent, destructive behaviour (p. 459). The word riot can stir up many negative connotations. One definition of a riot is a relatively spontaneous outburst of violence by a large group of people (Barkan, 2011, p. 460). According to the previously stated definitions and oncepts, it would appear that before a riot occurs, the right type of crowd must assemble, under the right type of condition and must include the right individuals who are influenced easily by others. Contagion and Convergence theories can also be used to posit on the cause of deviant behaviour resulting in acts of riot. Contagion theory, made popular by Gustave le Bon, states that individuals are rational on their own but in crowds, individuals can get carried away in the mob mentality and act irrationally and sometimes violent. As a result people engage in collective behaviour and are influenced by the others around them (Barkan, 2011, p. 64). Convergent theory, on the other hand, implies that crowds are not the cause of irrational behaviour but rather, the people within the crowd is what causes the behaviour. Basically, convergent theory says that people with like minds and attitudes will converge together and form a crowd that may act in deviant or destructive ways (Barkan, 2011, p. 464). Contagion and convergence theories provide a framework for analyzing what happens when people in groups become agitated and the snowball effect that can precipitate a full blown riot. However, these theories fail to address the tipping point that causes groups dynamic to shift from peaceful to violent. Through the process of deindividuation, people act out behaviours in a group setting that are not consistent with how they would act alone (Bhatia, 2011). The accountability of one individual is blurred by the crowd, which can encourage people to act impulsively and destructively (Handwerk, 2005). Combine anonymity, adrenaline fueled sports fans with alcohol and the outcome could be a disaster. Brian Handwerk describes the psychology behind being a sports fan as an identity and a social network for people to belong to (â€Å"Sports Riots,† 2005). This concept can easily apply to mob mentality as well, joining a group of rioters is a way to fit in and be apart of something larger then one’s self. Sometime the need to belong can blur our moral codes of right and wrong. A deviant act is only deviant as long as the power’s that be says it is. To avoid creating a riot culture without repercussion the Vancouver Police Department needs to find those responsible and make public examples of them fast. If not, The Vancouver Police have the tough job ahead of them to find and charge those involved in the riots. A task that at one time would have been nearly impossible is gaining some help from photos, videos and the Internet. Social media outlets like Facebook and twitter are being employed in an effort to identify the culprits. The Vancouver police have asked citizens to come forward and anonymously provide video footage and photos of the riot in hopes that it will lead to arrests (Bolan 2001). Facebook groups have been set up so that people can join and hopefully identify some of the people in the photos. In reality, those that participated in the riots will likely go unpunished. However, the social outcry by the public via the Internet and other media is new form of punishment. The Internet has become a forum for people to speak their minds indirectly to these rioting â€Å"hockey fans† and hopefully the guilt and shame will be lesson enough. As a native Vancouverite and a Canuck fan, it is embarrassing to watch history repeat itself and all for a hockey game. The riot was not in protest of a tyrannical dictator, or to bring public awareness to the needs of impoverished children, it was far less important then that. The Vancouver riots were an embarrassing moment, caught on camera and seen around the world. All the sociological theorizing in the world could not make sense of it, nor justify it. It was not due to strain or frustration between opposing classes, it was not due to a learned behaviour or a label placed upon these people. If you look at the pictures of those involved, you will see a handful of adolescents and young adults making poor decisions and demonstrating a lack of respect and pride in themselves, their hockey team and their country A Tale of two riots. (2011). Retrieved on July 31, 2011 from http://www. cbc. ca/news/canada/story/2011/06/16/f-vancouver-riot-1994-2011. html Kane, Laura and Kelly Sinoski. (2011) Vancouver top cop blames Stanley Cup riots on ‘anarchists’. Retrieved on July 31, 2011 from http://www. vancouversun. com/sports/Vancouver+blames+Stanley+riot+anarchists/4957678/story. html Brakan, Steve. (2001). Sociology: Understanding and changing the social world. Retrieved from http://www. flatworldknowledge. com/pub/1. 0/sociology-understanding-and-ch/364149#pdf-469 Retrieved on July 31, 2011 Bereska, Tami M. (2011). Deviance, Conformity and Social control in Canada. Toronto, ON: Pearson Canada Inc. Plath, Luke. (2008). Anatomy of a riot. Retrieved on July 31, 2011 from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/701217/anatomy_of_a_riot_pg3. html? cat=17 Hockey riots throughout Canadian history. (2011). Retrieved from http://www. theglobeandmail. com/news/national/british-columbia/hockey-riots-throughout-canadian-history/article2064096. Retrieved on July 31, 2011. Handwerk, Brian. (2005). Sports riots: The Psychology of sports mayhem. Retrieved on July 31, 2011 from http://news. ationalgeographic. com/news/2005/06/0620_050620_sportsriots_2. html Bhatia, Maneet. (2011). Reflecting on Vancouver: Why do people riot?. Retrieved on July 31, 2011 from http://psychstateofmind. com/2011/06/17/reflecting-on-vancouver-why-do-people-riot/ Bolan, Kim. (2011). Vancouver Police want your riot video and photos. Retrieved on July 31, 2011 from http://communities. canada. com/vancouversun/blogs/realscoop/archive/ 2011/06/16/vancouver-police-want-your-riot-video-and-photos. aspx I Predict a Riot Jessi Evanoff Sociology 224 August 4th 2011

Examples of Diffusion

Examples of Diffusion Diffusion is the movement of atoms, ions, or molecules from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration. The transport of matter continues until equilibrium is reached and there is a uniform concentration through the material. Examples of Diffusion Perfume is sprayed in one part of a room, yet soon it diffuses so that you can smell it everywhere.A drop of food coloring diffuses throughout the water in a glass so that, eventually, the entire glass will be colored.When steeping a cup of tea, molecules from the tea cross from the tea bag and diffuse throughout the cup of water.When shaking salt into water,  the salt dissolves and the ions move until they are evenly distributed.After lighting a cigarette, the smoke spreads to all parts of a room.After placing a drop of food coloring onto a square of gelatin, the color will spread to a lighter color throughout the block.Carbon dioxide bubbles diffuse from an open soda, leaving it flat.If you place a wilted celery stick in water, water will diffuse into the plant, making it firm again.Water diffuses into cooking noodles, making them bigger and softer.A helium balloon deflates a little bit every day as helium diffuses through the balloon into the air.If you place a sugar cube in wat er, the sugar will dissolve and evenly sweeten the water without having to stir it.

Profile of Serial Killer and Rapist Henry Louis Wallace

Profile of Serial Killer and Rapist Henry Louis Wallace Serial killer Henry Louis Wallace killing spree began in 1990 with the murder of Tashonda Bethea in his hometown of Barnwell, South Carolina. He went on to rape and murder nine  women in Charlotte, North Carolina between 1992 and 1994. He was arrested on March 13, 1994. After a subsequent trial and conviction, Wallace (a.k.a. The Taco Bell Strangler) was given death penalty on nine counts and is awaiting the sentence to be carried out. Early Life Henry Louis Wallace was born on November 4, 1965, in Barnwell, South Carolina, to Lottie Mae Wallace, a single mother. The home Wallace shared with his older sister (by three years), his mother, and his great-grandmother had no plumbing or electricity. Wallaces mother was a strict disciplinarian who had little patience for her young son. She did not get along with her mother, either, and the two argued constantly. Despite the fact that Lottie worked long hours at a full-time job in a textile mill, the family had very little money. As Wallace outgrew out his clothing, he was given his sisters hand-me-downs to wear.  When Lottie felt the children needed to be disciplined, and she was too tired to do it herself, shed often make Wallace and his sister get a switch from the yard and whip each other. High School and College Despite his volatile home life, Wallace was popular at Barnwell High School. He was on the student council and. His mother would not allow him to play football, so he became a cheerleader instead. Wallace enjoyed high school and the positive feedback he received from other students, but academically his performance was less than stellar. After graduating in 1983, he attended one semester at South Carolina State College and one semester at a technical college. At the time, Wallace worked part-time as a disc jockey, which he preferred to college. Unfortunately, his radio career was short-lived. He was fired after he was caught stealing CDs. Navy, Marriage And a Downward Spiral With nothing holding him in Barnwell, Wallace joined U.S. Naval Reserve. From all reports, he did what he was told to do and he did it well.  In 1985, he married high school classmate, Maretta Brabham. In addition to becoming a husband, he also took on the role of stepfather to Brabhams daughter.   Not long after he was married, Wallace began using drugs- and his drug of choice was crack cocaine. To pay for the narcotics, he began burglarizing homes and businesses. While stationed in Washington, he was served with burglary warrants for crimes  in the  Seattle  metro area. In January 1988, he was arrested for breaking into a hardware store, and later plead guilty to a charge of second-degree burglary. The judge sentenced him to two years of supervised  probation but according to his probation officer, Wallace blew off most of the mandatory meetings. In February 1991, Wallace broke into his old high school and the radio station where he once worked. He stole video and recording equipment and was caught trying to pawn them. In 1992, he was arrested for breaking and entering. Due to his near-perfect service record, Wallace managed to get an Honorable Discharge from the Navy when his criminal activity came to light, but he was sent on his way. Shortly thereafter, his wife him. In November of that year, he relocated to Charlotte, North Carolina where he found work at several fast-food restaurants. Wallace's Murder Time Line In early 1990, Wallace murdered Tashonda Bethea in his hometown of Barnwell, and then dumped her body in a lake. Her corpse was not discovered until weeks later. Wallace was questioned by the police regarding her disappearance but was never formally charged in her murder. He was also questioned in connection with the attempted rape of a 16-year-old Barnwell girl, but again, was not charged.In May 1992, Wallace picked up Sharon Nance, a convicted drug dealer and known prostitute. When she demanded payment for her services, Wallace beat her to death, then dropped her body by the railroad tracks. She was found a few days later.In June 1992, he raped and strangled Caroline Love at her apartment, then dumped her body in a wooded area. Love was a friend of Wallaces girlfriend. After he killed her, he and her sister filed a missing persons report at the police station. It would be almost two years (March 1994) before her body was discovered.On February 19, 1993, Wallace strangled Shawna Haw k at her home after first having sex with her and later went to her funeral. Hawk worked at Taco Bell, where Wallace was her supervisor. In March 1993, Hawks mother, Dee Sumpter, and her godmother Judy Williams founded Mothers of Murdered Offspring, a Charlotte-based support group for parents of murdered children.On June 22, he raped and strangled coworker Audrey Spain. Her body was found two days later.On August 10, 1993, Wallace raped and strangled Valencia M. Jumper- a friend of his sister- then set her on fire to cover up his crime. A few days after her murder, he and his sister went to Valencias funeral.A month later, in September 1993, he went to the apartment of Michelle Stinson, a struggling college student and single mother of two sons. Stinson was a friend of his from Taco Bell. He raped her and then, sometime later, strangled and stabbed her in front of her eldest son.On February 4, 1994, Wallace was arrested for shoplifting, but police had not made a connection between h im and the murders. On February 20, 1994, Wallace strangled Vanessa Little Mack, another Taco Bell employee, in her apartment. Mack had two daughters, aged 7 and 4 months at the time of her death.On March 8, 1994, Wallace robbed and strangled Betty Jean Baucom. Baucom and Wallaces girlfriend were co-workers. Afterward, he took valuables from the house and left the apartment, taking her car. He pawned everything except the car, which he left at a shopping center.Wallace went back to the same apartment complex on the night of March 8, 1994, knowing that a man named Berness Woods would be at work and would have access to Woods girlfriend, Brandi June Henderson. Wallace raped Henderson while she held her baby, and then strangled her. He also strangled her son, but the boy survived. Afterward, Wallace took some valuables from the apartment and left.The police beefed up patrols in east Charlotte after two bodies of young black women were found at The Lake apartment complex. Even so, Walla ce sneaked through to rob and strangle Deborah Ann Slaughter, who had been a co-worker of his girlfriend, and stabbed her 38 times in the stomach and chest. Her body was found on March 12, 1994. Arrest, Trial, and Aftermath Wallace was arrested on March 13, 1994. For 12 hours, he confessed to the murders of 10 women in Charlotte. He described in detail the womens appearances; how hed raped, robbed, and killed them; and spoke about his crack addiction. Over the next two years, Wallaces trial was delayed due to the choice of venue, DNA evidence from murdered victims, and jury selection. Proceedings began in September 1996. On January 7, 1997, Wallace was found guilty of nine murders. On January 29, he was sentenced to nine death sentences. On June 5, 1998, Wallace married a former prison nurse, Rebecca Torrijas, in a ceremony that was held next to the execution chamber where he has been sentenced to die. Since his conviction, Wallace has made several appeals in an attempt to overturn his death sentences. He stated that his confessions had been coerced and his Constitutional rights had been violated.  In 2000, North Carolina’s Supreme Court upheld the death sentences. His appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court was denied in 2001, and in 2005, Superior Court Judge Charles Lamm rejected a further appeal to overturn Wallace’s convictions and nine death sentences.

What are the most important differences between rationalists and Term Paper

What are the most important differences between rationalists and empiricists(Site specific philosophers in each group) - Term Paper Example It is known that rationalists and empiricists give different answers to the above-mentioned questions. Such rationalists as Des Cartes stated that one always describes the highest truth by means of logic and reason. One should not apply subjective or direct experience to do that. As for empiricist’s point of view, experience is very important as it is the basis of one’s development of logic. Once Isaac Asimov uttered that â€Å"I prefer rationalism to atheism. The question of God and other objects-of-faith are outside reason and play no part in rationalism, thus you do not have to waste your time in either attacking or defending† (Lacewing, 65). This statement demonstrates that for Asimov it was better and more convenient to use rationalism than empiricism. As for empiricism, it teaches that one should not try learning more about God with the help of reason. This school recommends using two projects instead of that. They are: critical and constructive. The first one focuses on the elimination of what is known by metaphysicians. The second pays attention to the commentaries of religious texts. A strong point of empiricism is that people are able quickly understand the sources of information/knowledge. In the majority of cases it is received with the help of the senses. It is a casual process. Experience helps to form one’s concepts. When the latter are gained, their understanding gives to the individual analytic knowledge. Thus, John Locke is sure that â€Å"all ideas are derived from sense experience. The mind is a ‘tabula rasa’, empty at birth. He begins his argument by attacking the opposite point of view – that some ideas are not derived from sense experience, but are ‘innate’. By ‘innate idea’ Locke means a concept or proposition which is part of the mind from birth. For an idea to be part of the mind, the

Leadership Behavioral Attributes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leadership Behavioral Attributes - Essay Example Empathy: Change agents should have a highly empathic personality trait as this traits serves to aid them in better understanding the feelings of the individuals that they interact with. Empathy in turn results in improved understanding and communication between the change champion and these organizational members. Patience and Persistence: According to Lunenburg (2010), it is important to note that complete change processes do not often tend to occur overnight. Change champions should cultivate the trait of being highly patient and persistent. If change champions fail to have this important trait, they will tend to get frustrated at the change not taking place fast enough which might result in a reduction of their leadership capacities. Knowledgeable: Change champions should be highly knowledgeable and have the desirable attribute of often leading by example. For leaders to be able to create some change, it is important that they not only be able to clearly articulate exactly what the change will look like, but also be able to lead by example and demonstrate exactly how they wish for this change to be like. Change champions should ensure that they do not lose touch with the important actually that might be happening on the ground so as for them to be in a position to better influence change in a position that will yield the best possible results (Lunenburg, 2010). The role of being a change champion is widely perceived to be one of the key roles expected of leaders in today’s increasingly competitive global environment. For leaders to become more accomplished in this crucial role, they must ensure that they constantly demonstrate a high degree of confidence in a given vision as well as the necessary passion to see this vision through. These leaders need to actively practice inclusive leadership through which they demonstrate a general willingness to actively engage a number of diverse constituent groups. Merely having a vision

Tropical Cyclone and Small Circles Essay Example for Free

Tropical Cyclone and Small Circles Essay A cyclone is a very violent storm. It never comes alone. Heavy showers of rain, thunder and lightning are its companions. When a cyclone blows, it moves round and round in the form of small circles. It always changes its course when it blows. It does not move in the same direction like an ordinary storm. It occurs mostly in the warm parts of the world. India is in this region of the world. Hence cyclones often blow over her. In cold countries there is no cyclone. The signs of a cyclone There are some signs of the blowing of a cyclone. A low pressure is created in the sea. The weather becomes very hot. There is not a breath of wind. Patches of dark clouds gradually spread in the sky. At last, the sky become dark. A storm sets in. The wind then begins to blow violently. From these we can understand that a cyclone will begin. The actual cyclone Then it rains very heavily. Flashes of lightning are seen. Thunders begin to peal loudly. The wind begins to blow furiously. It blows forward forming circles. There is a roaring noise. The wind continues to blow for some hours. Sometimes it continues for a day or two. Such terrible cyclones happened in September 1918 before the Pujas and in November 1988. Its effect The effect of the blowing of a cyclone is terrible. Big trees fall down. Roofs of houses are blown away. Many a house is destroyed. Many a man is killed. The water of the river rises. There are huge waves in the river. Many boats sink down. Many men are drowned. Sometimes steamers are also sunk. Everywhere dead bodies of men and beasts are found. Crops are destroyed. People suffer much. They become homeless and helpless. There is scarcity of food. Famine breaks out. This miserable condition of the people cannot be fully described. Other people then try to help them with money, food, medicine and clothes. Conclusion The cyclone is a terrible evil. Man has no power to prevent it. But people may be warned beforehand that there will be a cyclone.

Jean-Pierre Jeunets Film Amelie Essay -- Imagination Film Movie Ameli

Jean-Pierre Jeunet's Film Amelie Imagination is an intrinsic part of the human experience. It has the power to mold reality by defining the limits of possibility and affecting perception. Both Alan White and Irving Singer examine aspects of this power in their respective works The Language of Imagination and Feeling and Imagination. White delineates how imagination is a necessary precursor to possibility (White 179) while Singer primarily illustrates imagination's effect on human relationships, such as love (Singer 29-48). Despite their different focuses, White and Singer demonstrate the impact that imagination has on human perceptions of reality. Jean-Pierre Jeunet's film Amelie explores this facet of imagination: the film provides a poignant depiction of imagination's influence as the title character Amelie exacts changes in her life and in the lives of others with her boundless imagination. In the chapter entitled "The Imaginable and the Possible," Alan White argues that imagination is the key factor in testing the "acceptability of something as possible" (White 183). In seeking to answer the questions whether what is possible is imaginable and whether what is imaginable is possible, White examines a variety of seemingly impossible ideas, such as the three-dimensional triangle. From these examples, he concludes that the possible must be conceivable by the imagination but that the imagination's capacity to visualize extends beyond the mere possible (White 179-183). Amelie addresses this dichotomy between the limitations of the possible and the unfettered possibilities of the imagination in a less didactic manner. Instead of intangible ideas, the film illustrates the link between imagination and possibility throu... ...ng their imagination to bestow value to each other, much in the manner Singer describes. In terms of inherent worth, neither the relationship between Georgette and Joseph or Amelie and Nino seem to have any tangible basis. However, when revisiting these interactions with the idea of bestowal in mind, it is understandable why the characters are willing to "appraise" each other so highly. Thus, through the interaction of the characters, the film Amelie demonstrates how the imagination governs the daily existence of human beings with the power to either help or hinder an individual by defining the realm of possibility. Works Cited Singer, Irving. Feeling and Imagination: The Vibrant Flux of Our Existence. Lanham: Rowman and Littlerfield Publishers, Inc., 2001. 21-48. White, Alan R. The Language of Imagination. Cambridge: Basil Blackwell Inc. 1990. 173-183.

Surah Khaf

surah khaf 18:1 to top Sahih International [All] praise is [due] to Allah , who has sent down upon His Servant the Book and has not made therein any deviance. 18:2 to top Sahih International [He has made it] straight, to warn of severe punishment from Him and to give good tidings to the believers who do righteous deeds that they will have a good reward 18:3 to top Sahih International In which they will remain forever 18:4 to top Sahih International And to warn those who say, † Allah has taken a son. 18:5 to top Sahih International They have no knowledge of it, nor had their fathers. Grave is the word that comes out of their mouths; they speak not except a lie. 18:6 to top Sahih International Then perhaps you would kill yourself through grief over them, [O Muhammad], if they do not believe in this message, [and] out of sorrow. 18:7 to top Sahih International Indeed, We have made that which is on the earth adornment for it that We may test them [as to] which of them is best in de ed. 8:8 to top Sahih International And indeed, We will make that which is upon it [into] a barren ground. 18:9 to top Sahih International Or have you thought that the companions of the cave and the inscription were, among Our signs, a wonder? 18:10 to top Sahih International [Mention] when the youths retreated to the cave and said, â€Å"Our Lord, grant us from Yourself mercy and prepare for us from our affair right guidance. â€Å"

Pros and Cons of FDRs Brainchild: The New Deal

The New Deal & FDR The implementation of the New Deal was a necessary, yet highly criticized, and controversial time in our nation's history. Its creation, by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, helped to resurrect a crumbling economy and put Americans back to work. However, like most things in life, there are always two sides to every story. This paper will explore both the pros and cons of FDR's, brainchild, the New Deal. In addition, it will argue that regardless of a positive or negative public opinion, there is no negating the fact that the New Deal was a pivotal movement and progressive step forward in our nation's history.The presidential election of 1932 favored Democrat Franklin Delano Roosevelt over current president, Herbert Hoover, by a staggering 7 million popular votes. It seemed that the citizens of the great United States of America had spoken; they were ready for change. FDR believed that the solution to the economic crisis could be achievable, but only by having a more involved government. He held firm that giving the federal government more control in the nation's economy could begin to undo the damage caused by the Great Depression.Roosevelt promised a New Deal to the American public; a conglomerate of government programs aimed at revitalizing the economy by restoring our banking system and creating new jobs. Almost immediately following his inauguration, FDR closed down all the banks in the country for four days and called an emergency hearing with Congress. The Emergency Banking Act was created, which â€Å"gave the government the opportunity to inspect the health of all banks† (Franklin D. Roosevelt – American Heritage Center, Inc. ).The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or FDIC, was also created to insure consumer and business deposits up to $5,000 (a far cry from today's $250,000). FDR, urged Americans to trust in banks again. Ultimately, he wanted to see people embrace the concept of consumer capitalism. In short, h e called for every citizen to march to their local bank, and show good faith by depositing all their life savings. Once the banks had the support of the public, they could in turn, begin making loans again. These loans funded the creation of new businesses and the restoration of the old ones.Businesses were then able to hire or re-hire workers, and in many cases, increase wages as well. With higher wages comes greater spending power. The goal was to see the population of the U. S. become a nation of consumers once again. By pouring their money and capital back into the economy, U. S. citizens could play a role in getting American back on her feet. A provision of the New Deal, called the Civil Works Administration, or CWA, was created to â€Å"give the unemployed jobs building or repairing roads, parks and airports and providing psychological and physical boosts to its 4 million workers† (Franklin D.Roosevelt -American Heritage Center, Inc. ). A similar program, called the Civ ilian Conservation Corps, or CCC, was an environmental program that helped 2. 5 million unmarried men return to work maintaining beaches and forests and also gave jobs to 8500 women. Other successful programs that are relevant to today's modern society are programs such as Social Security, the National Labor Relations Act, or Wagner Act; which protects workers' rights to assemble, or unionize.In addition, the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 was passed, which abolished child labor and set the minimum wage. While the New Deal had a great many triumphs, some may argue that though the tragedies were few, they had a far more devastating impact on the economy. Roosevelt implemented such controversial programs as the National Industrial Recovery Act, or NIRA, which was created to bolster the decreasing price of industrial goods. Unfortunately, there were some unforeseen and catastrophic consequences. When higher wages went into effect, prices rose too. Thus, consumers stopped buying. The continuous cycle of overproduction and underconsumption put businesses back into a slump† the law was later ruled unconstitutional (Norton et al, 698). Another controversial provision of the New Deal was the Agriculture Adjustment Administration, or AAA, which attempted to raise farm prices. It used special tax funds to pay farmers to refrain from raising certain crops or breed certain types of animals.They figured the lower production would help to increase prices of other agricultural products. All it did was anger the general populous, who thought this was atrocious. People were starving and homeless and the federal government was essentially wasting food! This program was ruled unconstitutional, shortly after it was proved a failure. Though Roosevelt had many ups and downs during his 12+ years as President, he successfully began the process of getting the nation back on its feet.He created the New Deal, though it was not the end all be all of the economic crisis, it contri buted to the demise of the Great Depression in a broader sense. It restored the public faith in banks and got many, many Americans back to work. Works Cited Norton, M. , Katzman, D. , Blight, D. , Chudacoff, H. , Logevall, F. , Bailey, B. , Paterson, T. , Tuttle Jr. , W. A People and a Nation. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. 2007. Print. Franklin D. Roosevelt – American Heritage Center, Inc. http://www. fdrheritage. org/new_deal. html 26, October 2012. Web.

What Is Personality, and Is It Predictive Of Human Behavior

What Is Personality, and Is It Predictive Of Human Behavior Personality Personality, according to Harrà © Lamb (1986, p .1), is the entirety of feature and traits, as of manners or qualities that are particular per person. Personality is all about a person’s mind-sets, dispositions, performing, opinions, and method of thoughts, perceiving, and verbal communication. Hypothesis concerning personality or individuality have been formulated and existed in the majority of traditions and all through recorded history.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on What Is Personality, and Is It Predictive Of Human Behavior? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many people have studied personality and have come up with discoveries and explanations on the subject. For instance, Giambattista, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, and Vico Immanuel Kant all of them put forward ways of comprehending person and group differences. Others include Carl Jung, psychiatrics therapist Sigmund Freud, Ernst Kr etschmer, and Alfred Adler who presented contending personality hypothesis. Freud’s hypothesis was founded on â€Å"psychosexual drives that had the components of the id, ego, and super ego and the interplay of the conscious, sub-conscious and unconscious† (Shane, 2007, p.3) Carl Jung, his student and follower emphasized unconscious motives but de-emphasized sexuality. Instead, he advanced a typical theory that classified people as either introverts or extroverts. He claimed that individual personalities were from the unconscious, inherited memories. Later on, we still had theories brought forward by other psychologists like Gordon. W. Allport, Erik H. Erikson, and Carl R. Rogers, which were all influential. Gordon wanted to find out common ideology that could be functional to a complete category of persons. It was called personality trait theory. He discovered 4000 words that could be applied to personality traits and categorized them into three classes. These were ca rdinal, central, and secondary traits. Cardinal traits are strong dispositions that shape behaviors and experiences and develop later in life. By definition, â€Å"Central traits are dispositions that manifest to some degree in all individuals, comprising the basic repertoire of personality expressions† (Barrick Mount, 1991, p.15). Secondary personalities are dispositions that are not straight away noticeable, manifesting as a result of precise sets of conditions in a human being’s life. Later on Raymond Cattell and Hans Eysenck expanded on this theory. They reduced the list of four thousand to sixteen. Later on Eysenck reduced them to three. Skeptical psychoanalysts said this were too few and came up with five traits, which were inconclusive as they did not prove to be effective predictors of human behavior and did not shed any light onto how they developed. These traits were known as the big 5 and they are openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeable and neu roticism (Barrick Mount, 1991). Personality character is thought to be as a result of â€Å"both experience and genetic predisposition† (Harrà © Lamb, 1986, p.2). It has been severally discussed and researched to find out what influences behavior in human beings. Some strongly believe it is a particular situation while others believe it is character type.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Kenrick funder (2001), personality is a predictor of personality across all situations but not at a specific time or situation, for instance, personality more accurately predicts how happy one will be over the next year than it. People choose their situations, which reflect their personality. For example, people choose where to work according to how comfortable they feel with their environment; with the best performance occurring when there is a positive matc h between the two otherwise mediocre results will be the order of the day. A type of personality refers to categories that are distinct and discontinuous (patterns of relatively enduring characteristics of behavior) whereby one is either one or the other e.g. one is either an introvert or an extrovert (Ornstein, 1993). Today, several scientists have all come up with their different personality types and model systems that classify them. Some are categorized into 4, 9, 16, and many more. This essay has categorizes personalities or individuality into four categories that is: The extroverts and the introverts The thinking and feeling types Sensitive and intuitive types Perceiving and judging types Extroverts and introverts Extroverts concentrate on the globe and acquire their power from it, are conversational and frank, evaluate their views with the rest, they make new friends with no trouble and become accustomed to a fresh assembly, they express their thoughts, are keen on new comm unity and effortlessly smash unnecessary relations. Introverts in contrast concentrate on their belief and feelings, produce their energy from within and consequently call for their own territory or region, frequently emerge as reserved, silent and thoughtful, typically they have less associates, have troubles in creating new links, and never want to work in group. They are generally very difficult to deal with and therefore this can be a predictive of their behavior (Shane, 2007). Sensitive and intuitive types Sensitive kind notice every person and are sensitive to everything around them, are realistic and lively, are reasonable and self-assured, they love enjoyments derived from physical feeling, swiftly become accustomed to whichever the circumstances and exist at this time. Intuitive or instinctive categories in contrast are more often than not â€Å"in the past or the present, rely on their inner voice, worry about the future than they do of the present, are attracted more to the theory than to the practice, often have doubts and do not like routine†( Ornstein, 1993, p.12).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on What Is Personality, and Is It Predictive Of Human Behavior? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thinking and feeling types The thinking kind of people are keen on organizations, compositions and prototypes, renders all to rational investigation, are comparatively unfriendly and unresponsive, assess everything by mental power and true or false, have complexities discussing on feelings and do not get to the bottom of a row or squabbles. The feeling category are keen on human beings and their thoughts, effortlessly pass their personal feelings or moods to people around them, give immense concentration to love and fervor, weigh up issues by moral values and excellent or poor, they can get touchy and employ sensational exploitation and regularly give admiring comments to make ha ppy people. Perceiving and judging types The perceiving sort of people operate on impulse following the state of affairs, can initiate numerous projects at the same time with no concluding any of the project accurately. They have a preference to have liberty from responsibilities, are inquisitive and akin to a new appearance at things, work efficiency is dependent on their frame of mind, and habitually do something with no any groundwork or preparation. The judging type on the other hand does not like to leave unanswered questions, plan work ahead, and tend to finish it, do not like to change their decisions, have relative stable workability, and easily follow rules and discipline (Gross, 2010). Therefore based on the above four personality models, we see that personality is predictive of individuals’ behaviors. For instance, extroverts who are open to ideas and express their minds explains the ease with which someone can deal with these kind of people and generally well beha ved . On the other hand, introverts are directly opposite of this and are generally considered ill mannered. Individuals behavior determines whether you will interact freely with them or not and as we see, it is easy to deal with people who have personalities such as being sensitive and outgoing for instance as compared to those with opposite traits. For that reason, personality is predictive of human behavior. References Barrick, M. R., Mount, M. K. (1991). The Big Five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44, 1–26.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Gross, R.D. (2010). Psychology. The science of mind and behavior. London: Hodder Arnold. Harrà ©, R. Lamb, R. (1986). The dictionary of personality and social psychology. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. Kenrick, D. T., Funder, D. C. (1991). The person-situation debate: Do personality traits really exist? In V. J. Derlega, B. A. Winstead, W. H. Jones, W. H. (Eds.) Personality: Contemporary Theory and Research (Chapter 6) Ornstein, R. (1993). The Roots of the Self: Unraveling the mystery of who we  are. New York, NY: Harper Collins. Shane, P. (2007). The Model of human behavior: Understanding personality.  Contemporary Theory, 2, 1-5.

Creating a Genealogy Blog

Creating a Genealogy Blog Using a Blog to Write About Family History A blog, short for Web log, is basically a very easy-to-use Web site. No need to worry too much about creativity or code. Instead a blog is basically an online journal you just open it up and start to write which makes it a great medium for documenting your family history search and sharing it with the world. A Typical Blog Blogs share a common format, which makes it easy for readers to quickly skim for interesting or pertinent information. It its basic form, a typical blog contains: short, informational entries - generally arranged in reverse chronological ordera time and/or date for each postlinks to other blogs or Web sites for additional contentarchives of all previously posted content, sometimes arranged into categories Blogs dont have to be all text either. Most blog software makes it easy to add photos, charts, etc. to illustrate your posts. 1. Determine Your Purpose What do you want to communicate with your blog? A genealogy or family history blog can be used for many reasons to tell family stories, to document your research steps, to share your findings, to collaborate with family members or to display photos. Some genealogists have even created a blog to share daily entries from an ancestors diary, or to post family recipes. 2. Select a Blogging Platform The best way to understand the ease of blogging is to just jump right in. If you dont want to invest a lot of money in this at first, there are quite a few free blogging services on the Web, including Blogger, LiveJournal and WordPress. There are even blog hosting options geared specifically for genealogists, such as on the social networking site GenealogyWise. Alternatively, you can sign up for a hosted blogging service, such as TypePad, or pay for a standard hosted Web site and upload your own blogging software. 3. Select the Format Theme for Your Blog The best things about blogs is that they are very simple to use, but you will have to make some decisions about how you want your blog to look. color scheme and style - most blog software offers a set of pre-designed templates, so this is simply a matter of choosing the one you likecategories - Many blogs use categories to define the general theme of each post, making it easy to find all posts on a particular topic. Basically categories are an organizational scheme. You may choose to categorize by surname or by locality. Or you can categorize by topic - census, cemetery, deaths, etc. Or you can choose not to categorize your blog posts at all.your content team - if you want your blog to be a collaborative effort, then youll need to select which people you plan to give access to post to your blogcomments - If you want others to be able to post responses to your information, then you can open up comments on your blog. This makes it easy for other researchers to get in touch with you or add new information, but can sometimes attract a few crazies as well. You can always close comments if they dont work well for you. If you arent sure about some of this, dont worry. These are all decisions that can be changed and tweaked as you go. 4. Write Your First Blog Post Now that we have the preliminaries out of the way, it is time to create your first post. If you dont do a lot of writing, this will probably be the most difficult part of blogging. Break yourself into blogging gently by keeping your first posts short and sweet. Browse other family history blogs for inspiration. But try to write at least one new post every few days. 5. Publicize Your Blog Once you have a few posts on your blog, youll need an audience. Begin with an email to friends and family to let them know about your blog. If youre using a blogging service, then make sure that you turn on the ping option. This alerts the major blog directories every time you make a new post. You can also do this through sites such as Ping-O-matic. Youll also definitely want to join GeneaBloggers, where youll find yourself in good company among over 2,000 other genealogy bloggers. Consider participating in a few blog carnivals as well, such as the Carnival of Genealogy. 6. Keep it Fresh Starting a blog is the hard part, but your jobs not done yet. A blog is something you have to keep up with. You dont have to write every day, but you do need to add to it on a regular basis or people wont come back to read it. Vary what you write about to keep yourself interested. One day you can post some photos from a cemetery visit, and the next you can talk about a great new database you found online. The interactive, ongoing nature of a blog is one of the reasons it is such a good medium for genealogists - it keeps you thinking about, searching for and sharing your family history! Kimberly Powell, About.coms Genealogy Guide since 2000, is a professional genealogist and the author of Everything Family Tree, 2nd Edition (2006) and The Everything Guide to Online Genealogy (2008). Click here for more information on Kimberly Powell.

Racial Profiling (Research Proposal) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Racial Profiling (Research Proposal) - Essay Example changed the socio- cultural values of a country, forcing them to formulate new strategies and policies to meet the challenges of the emerging pluralistic societies. The changing values necessitate development of a new social order which would not only embrace multi cultural values but help forge a universal bond that would transcend race and religious boundaries. Therefore racial profiling is not only a morally degenerative practice but it is the most despicable practice that violates human rights and promotes a deliberate sense of inequality and fear among the minority ethnic group who are designated by their color of skin. Broadly speaking racial profiling can be defined as those actions of police and government officials that are based on racial prejudices. In the new emerging equations of society, racial profiling has become extremely contentious and the discriminate behaviour of police and people in authority in government departments, have posed very serious questions of the relevance of the fundamental rights of the citizens possessing different skin color. More than thirty two million Americans have been subjected to racial profiling and approximately eighty seven millions Americans are at high risk of being subjected to it in future (RP, 2004). The human rights violation and harassment, in the name of justice has provoked a wide spread feeling of outrage and national shame. There is urgent need to address racial profiling. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive study of people who have undergone atrocities under racial profiling and those live under the constant fear of becoming its victim in future. The study would be an effort to bring out the broader repercussions of racial profiling and would like to focus on the expectations of the people coming from different races. The study would also be used to reflect the opinion of white people and try to decipher the root cause that promotes such practices against colored people. The study

Qatar Electricity and Water Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Qatar Electricity and Water Company - Essay Example Almost half (43%) of these shares are owned by the Qatar government itself and the rest (57%) by the private individuals (Water report for Qatar). This renowned company has many credits and achievements to its name. It runs power plants and desalination station to meet the consumption needs of the country. It has also signed up an agreement with the Qatar General Electricity and water corporation and sells its products to them as well. Given below is a statistical chart (Welcome to Qatar Electricity & Water Co) that shows the requirements of the Qatar electricity and Water Company for the graduates and trainees. As per the chart, the company opens its offers for the mechanical, electrical, chemical and instrumentation engineering branches and also has opportunities for semi technical and non technical employees. People from these backgrounds are trained in their respective fields as per the company's requirement. These trained people are finally recruited in technical fields of need. It also has some staff in the field of management, accounting and administration as well. This selection is done based on the requirement of the company for then and near future in mind. Qatari Graduates Work and Training Opportunities in the Company   qualifications field of work Grade Specialization university, graduates & diploma Technical bachelor degree or diploma in engineering mechanical electrical instrumentation chemical semi-technical bachelor in science computer - physics - chemistry – math non-technical bachelor of commerce / arts administration- accounting - management administration high school graduates technical-non technical high school science - non science The company has its own training programs and does concentrate on the program very well. The training program takes the employees through Qatar petroleum. A separate team is appointed to supervise the training program as this is considered to be an important phase in the employee assessment and evaluat ion. This generally involves graduates from Qatar and abroad as well. These graduates are trained to fill various technical supervisory jobs. The company also deals with other international companies that manufacture the sophisticated equipment that the Qatar electricity and water company uses and trains its employees in using this equipment. However there are certain requirements to be fulfilled by the graduates with tests and personal interviews as well. The company has been keeping itself abreast of the other companies, by adopting latest technologies and making sure it has its share in the international market. Qatar electricity and Water Company has also made sure that it stands in the international market by making sure the employees cope with the international standards and hence it lets the employees to go through English language tests asses their speaking skills to ensure they would be able communicate anywhere within and outside the country. Hence English has also been an other criterion in the selection of the candidates The company stands second to none when it comes to compensations of the employees. Qatar electricity and Water Company ensures the best compensation in the class. It rewards the employees with many benefits and huge salaries. It also has retirement system, making sure the employees lead a decent life even after their retirement. Apart from these it also offers its

Multistate Regulation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Multistate Regulation - Essay Example g practice is expanded on a daily basis through technology, and the new modalities in place that encourage the practice by nurses, wherever they are, or might go (Hann, 2007). This paper will examine the pros and cons of multistate regulation on the health care fraternity, and what it means to have rules in place to regulate the profession over state lines. Once one is a licensed medical practitioner, it is their right to practice their profession in any state they want to practice. This is one advantage brought on by the multistate regulation. If a medical practitioner is willing to conduct their business electronically, or physically, it is their right to do so, provided the licensing board in their state has approved of their practice (Hann, 2007). Also, if their practice is in agreement with the procedures and guidelines of the state in which they want to practice. Under mutual recognition, the multistate regulation ensures that medical practitioners may practice their profession across state lines (Hann, 2007). This is if there are no restrictions. Another advantage of the multistate regulation is the creation of diverse experiences. The nursing profession essentially benefits from the enhancement of opportunities created through regulation. It is imperative that medical practitioners get the exposure from different areas so as to bring diversification to the table. This is possible through multistate regulation policies. Health insurance companies are incurring tremendous losses as they tend to obey the different guidelines in the respective state (Milstead, 2013). This is a different scenario present, because, if these insurance companies would comply with a single regulatory body, it would be easier to conduct business. They would incur fewer costs by getting compliance from a single body, than multiple regulatory standards, which each state requires. The costs incurred drive up a company’s expenses, which are unnecessary. If the insurance companies

Relationship between BOH tea and consumer behavior

Relationship between BOH tea and consumer behavior BOH Plantation Sdn Bhd was found by John Archibald Russell in the year 1929, together with A.B. Milne, a veteran in tea planting from Ceylon they succeeded in obtaining a concession of land in Cameron Highland in order to start the tea plantation business. Together the duo transforms steep jungles slopes into a tea garden known as BOH Plantations, which is the 1st highland tea garden in the country. BOH Plantations business begins to bloom and currently is the leading tea grower in the country. The plantation expanded and owns four tea gardens, of which three is located 5000 ft above sea level and is situated in Cameron Highlands, and the fourth is centralizing in Bukit Cheeding, Selangor. Collectively, the gardens size in total is 1200ha. BOH Plantation has been firmly entrenched that most Malaysia drinks BOH tea than any other brand. BOH teas are available in 3 different forms (tea packets, tea bags, tea dust). The company currently produces 4 million kg of tea in a year. Malaysian consumes 10million kg of tea which makes BOH tea largest producer locally of black tea, in terms of cuppage, BOH tea produces about 5.5 million per day which almost meets 50% of tea consumption requirement in the country. The success story of BOH Plantation continues to be Malaysias leading brand in tea and is also exporting to Brunei, Japan, Singapore, United Arab Emirates and also the US. Consumer Decision Process BOH tea Consumer Decision Process is basically known as a cognitive process. Consumer is aware of a need or wants and search for possible ways to satisfy it. Awareness of consumer is not an automatic process; it is actually selective external procedure. Example, consumers are expose to thousands of messages that persuades them from advertising, political organization, religious groups , food products and many more other resources. This mass information that seeks out consumer attention then filtered out by individual in order to make the decision in buying a product. In order for a consumer to purchase a product, he or she has to go through the 5 stages of consumer decision process. These 5 stages of consumer decision making process are very important for consumer to make an accurate decision in satisfying their needs and wants. The stages flow in sequence beginning with problem recognition and ending with post-purchase evaluation. The 5 stages are as graph above: Problem Recognition Information Search Evaluation and Selection of Alternatives Decision Implementation Post-purchase Evaluation Problem Recognition The consumer decision process begins when a consumer is aware of satisfying their needs or wants. For the past decade, health benefits have caught the attention of the wide coverage of media. Numerous studies have shown that the antioxidant polyphenols of tea has the anti-cancer properties and also able to reduce the risk of gastric, and also skin cancer. Prevention is better than cure; this statement has drive consumers to seek for healthy product to maintain a healthy lifestyle, likewise tea is a healthy drink. This is where BOH tea as Malaysian leading brand provides high quality tea that contains rich aroma of tea flavors that fills the nose and relishing the taste in the mouth while giving a soothing effect. Below are 2 examples of BOH teas top products. Product 1 (BOH string and tag) Source: https://www.boh.com.my/shop/product_info.php?products_id=71 Most consume product that satisfies the need of consumers that wants to prepare instant pre-pack tea. Product 2 BOH tea leaves Source: https://www.boh.com.my/shop/product_info.php?products_id=29 This product satisfies the needs of consumer that prefers the old fashion tea leave method, as the aroma and taste of tea is stronger. Information Research When consumers identify a problem, they will find ways to solve the problems. Consumer will need to do internal and external research in obtaining the knowledge of products that will satisfy their needs. In the case of BOH tea, since it is the leading tea brand in Malaysia it is important to strengthen the brands leadership by creating awareness for their product through sales promotion and advertising. As internal research, in order for BOH tea to capture the attention of consumer they have come up with a catchy phrase ada Ummph which literally means more than words can describe kind of feeling to show the great quality of tea that is produce by BOH tea. This phrase will strongly register the brands name in the mind of consumer, so that the next time they want to purchase tea, BOH tea will be their 1st choice as the ada Ummph phrase shows that consumer will never regret in consuming their tea. Above is the example of the catchy phrase that is place on the product of BOH tea that always remind people to enjoy the goodness of tea at the same time enjoying a relaxing time, it has specialized BOH tea from different brand of tea such as Twinnings, Chamomile and Lipton. External research allow consumer to access for secondary information from online resources, advertisement, brochures and many more in order to provide them with the excess knowledge to purchase the computer of their choice. Tea drinker in Malaysia will not escape the attention of BOH tea, as their product can be obtained from most retail outlets. BOH tea has also promoted their tea in printed media such as newspaper advertisement, television commercial, and also campaigns. BOH tea promotes their tea with bonding with love ones by creating moments of togetherness with loved ones. This is to show that a cup of tea can unite everyone together without any restriction. One way for BOH tea to educate consumers is by giving away free samplings and by holding contests for consumers. Source:http://old.brudirect.com/public_html/DailyInfo/News/Archive/June05/100605/bb08.htm Above is a picture of a winner who participated in a lucky draw pick that was organized by BOH tea in a shopping mall. This shows that promotion is a very important strategy in order to build consumer knowledge on BOH tea. Evaluation and Selection of Alternatives The following step allows the consumer to evaluate the brands from the information that is obtained. Consumers sees product as a bundle of attributes such as the need, benefits, and attributes in order to make the right decision that satisfy their needs and wants. This bundle of attributes is actually a products objective and subjective factors. Objective factor Strong aroma of tea and relishing taste Subjective factors Comparison of BOH Tea and Lipton tea, BOH tea being the outstanding as product is cheaper then Lipton and has strong aroma that suits consumers taste Purchase Decision Purchasing the brand BOH tea satisfies the entire spectrum of the non-alcoholic beverage in Malaysia and encourages tea to be consumed including, cold, instant, traditional or in any other form that is preferred by consumer. This satisfies the consumer by providing choice of tea consumption according to their taste This is the stage where consumer has decided which brand of product that he or she wants after a making comparison with all the availability of product brands. Consumer will then have to select 2 specific elements which is purchasing the brand choice and purchasing time. Purchasing Time Product can be purchase in most retail outlet in the form of packages. Consumer can also buy it in bundle during promotion period too. Post purchase evaluation In this stage the level of purchase involvement of consumer is very important, it is often known as the level of concern for or interest in the purchase and heavily depends on the extensive information that is seek by the consumer in making a purchase decision. Low purchase involvement process Example, suppose if a buyer buys a certain brand of product (e.g., BOH tea) as a matter of habit, this means the drink is a low purchase involvement situation and consumers do not have to evaluate and seek information extensively. This case consumer will simply buy and consume the product and generates a high level of repeating the same purchase of product. Graph above shows low involvement purchase process that takes place. The benefit of low purchase involvement process is BOH tea has become consumers loyal brand for tea consumption products as repeat purchase has been taking place from time to time. However, if the level of purchase is high and the consumer is involved in extensive decision making, consumer will be more likely to face a more elaborated post-purchase evaluation. High Purchase Involvement process This graph shows that there is a post-purchase dissonance where consumer are unable to commit to the decision of choosing the brand that they want and it will create anxiety among consumers as it is difficult to make alternatives choices. In order for consumer to reduce this dissonance, consumer has to make approaches such as to increase the desirability of the brand that they want to purchase and reject the desirability of rejected alternatives and also reject the negative data on brand purchased. If dissonance is not reduce, the anxiety experience may turn into a dissatisfaction and leads to a new problem. That is why high purchase involvement needs extensive research of information to reduce anxiety and increase the confidence level in purchasing the product they want. Consumer will stay loyal to BOH tea because the company is constantly doing research in order to satisfy the future consumer needs. Psychological Core BOH tea Attention Attention is a concept of cognitive psychology that helps us to actively process information present in our environment. Attention is an unconscious process where consumer can automatically scan the features of the environment surrounding them. Attention can be classified into 2 which are voluntary and involuntary. Selective Attention Selective attention is the study of why people pay attention towards things, and how deep is their attention towards things that they focus. BOH tea pays attention towards animal and environmental conservation and have won numerous awards. Example, the companys packing facility in Bukit Cheeding has receive the ISO 9002 certification, this can further assured of quality tea every time consumer open up a packet of BOH tea. BOH also won the Super brand Excellence Trophy Award in Food Beverage category in 2004. Tea Brands such as Rooibos tea from South Africa although provides lots of benefits but unfortunately they are a bit slow in venturing into environmental conservation. Orientation reflex Orientation reflex is very important in capturing the attention of consumer. The aim of this involuntary action is to create stimuli that surprise the expectation of consumers. Example, BOH Tea is able to capture the attention of their consumer with their advertisement in television which focuses on family bonding where family members can socialize through a cup of tea. Perception Perception is a process that begins with consumer being exposed to information, attended to the information and ending with comprehending the information that is focus on. Perception consists of 5 major elements which is exposure stage, attention stage and comprehension stage. Exposure stage is the beginning process of perception process where consumer is exposing to information in the environment that is observed by the human senses. However, exposure towards surrounding is not enough to give a major impact towards consumers. BOH tea attracts consumer by promoting their products in television commercial, newspaper advertisement, BOH tea website, and also campaign. Example, BOH tea has done numerous televisions commercial by targeting the culture of tea regardless of religious or political options and also not to forget the moment of togetherness by the bonding of family member. The attention stage, is how consumer pays attention towards something, this stage consumer will allocate processing capacity to a stimulus. In order to capture the attention of consumer, BOH tea has involve in animal and environmental conservation. One of their successful stories is when BOH Plantation was the first tea company to be awarded ISO22000 certification, an international standard designed to ensure safe food supply chains worldwide. BOH has also strengthened the leadership of their brand by embarking on numerous marketing campaigns. Consumer will then interpret the information obtain from environment and store it in the memory so that consumer can make the decision at the purchase stage. Different choices of tea X Lipton Tea X Alce Dero X BOH tea X Chayo X Twining X St Dalfour Organic tea Taste/Smell Taste/ Smell X Clear Spring X Alvita Tea X Austral Herbs X Dalhousie X Eden Organic X Nature Cuppa Organics X Sonnetor X Borneo Rainforest Less choices of tea Above is an example of perceptual mapping that helps BOH tea to develop a market positing strategy for their products. This has help us to see how consumer perceive the brands of tea that is available, and also how BOH tea can develop in technology and agriculture in improvising the taste and aroma of tea suits to the mood of consumers. Motivation Motivation refers to an inner drive that reflects the goal of a person, which consist of the urge, wishes, or desire that allow them to strive to achieve the goals and aims that is set. The two motivational theories that is famously know to express the motivation of people are the : Maslows Hierachy of Needs W.J. McGuire psychological motives Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Maslows hierarchy of need is actually a theory to satisfy the human needs . In order to be at the peak of the hierarchy, a person has to satisfy the lower needs in order to achieve higher needs in the hierarchy. ( Further explanation of this theory will be explain in the appendix) The next theory is McGuires physiological motives , a very detailed set of motives to understand the specific aspects of consumer behavior. This theory consists of 4 major categories with 16 sub-categories which explain the behavior of consumer.( Further explanation refer to appendix) The 2 criteria that satisfy the 4 main categories are as follow: Is the mode of motivation cognitive or affective? Is the motive focus on preservation of status or on growth? This advertisement has shown us that BOH is targeting bonding between people and at the same time satisfying the need for affiliation (active, external). The pictures shows that two hands of different skin complexion holding the cup of tea basically means, no matter who we might be we can bring people together over an occasion of tea and igniting joy. The tag line Brings people together in the advertisement tells consumers that life are always more meaningful when shared with people who matters the most. Here we can see BOH tea market and targets the satisfaction of building relationship of family members and friends. This advertisement target consume by showing the types of product available for consumers. This has satisfy the needs for stimulation, consumer often seek variety and different out of stimulation, so this advertisement has shown the range of preparation of tea they have such as BOH tea leaves packaging and BOH tea in strings and bags. This way consumer can be satisfied depending on how they want to prepare their cup of tea. The next will be the need of expression; the sentence BOH mother brand range has express others about the distinctive and unique character of BOH tea bursts with freshness and aroma in each cupful. They also want to express that BOH tea satisfy much more than just the aroma and taste by preparing a small plate of cookies to show that their tea can go best with evening tea time meal as to relax our mind and soul. Learning Behaviors that results from repetition experience and thinking have allow consumer to develop automatic response to a situation.( Further explanation of learning process can be found in the appendix ). When consumer has chosen a specific product that satisfies their needs, they rely on what they have learned through previous experience about the products characteristic such as the brand name, ingredients or features. In order for BOH tea to provide knowledge on their tea production, they have come up with different kind of tea thats suits different consumer taste. In order to satisfy different taste of consumer, BOH has produced the instant tea mix with no sugar added as seen in the above image. This product does not contain sugar but with added creamer for a smoothing taste. This product not only allow consumer to experience the robust full flavor of BOH tea, but also easily prepared by adding hot water for a quick and refreshing cup of tea . The learning process has registered consumer that does not take sugar can always buy this product. Green tea product of BOH as seen above soothes refreshes and revitalizes the mind and soul of consumer who needs a boost in energy after a hard day at work. This has allow learning process to take place within consumer who will purchase green tea product of BOH tea, that promises 100% tea that is steamed then rolled and dried in traditional process over the century. The delicate aroma, light and refreshing taste with its natural antioxidant properties gives consumer an opportunity to learn that this green tea does not fail to refresh and revitalize our body and mind. Memory Memory is the ability of the human mind to store, recall information or experience, or retain vital information. (types and further explanation of memory can be found in appendix) In order for BOH tea to strengthen their leadership brand in tea has to target consumer in many ways that possible and advertisement in an interesting way that can transform nature of consumer by setting expectation that influence the way consumer interpret that information In order to target loyal consumer, BOH tea has come up with advertisement and promotions to establish their brand. The image above is an example of promotion strategy use to attract consumers. The promotion is about sharing with love ones where consumer takes pictures with family and friends and post them to BOH tea, and BOH tea will then take all the pictures and form a huge collage that says 1 Ummph, 1 smile which literally means BOH tea puts a smiles on every Malaysian no matter who they are. This promotion strategy not only builds the spirit of patriotic Malaysian and builds the relationship with everyone, but also giving them a chance to win RM5, 000 for grand prize and RM1,000 for conservation prize . In addition, a chance for all Malaysian to make history in making their way in Malaysia books of record for forming the largest collages regarding the value of togetherness. This kind of promotion can allow consumer to always remember BOH tea reaching out to people even though th ey are just a tea brand. It shows how BOH tea cares for the people. Attitude Attitude is feeling or affection against a stimulus; it is stored in the long-term memory. The 4 function of attitude consist of Utilitarian function, which is use to obtain reward and avoid punishment, Ego-Defensive function is self-protection, knowledge function is simplifies decision such as brand, and value expression which is express identify towards others. Beliefs is an important aspect in attitude, in order for consumer to have positive beliefs on BOH tea which is strong aroma and soothing taste they have to differentiate their product to the liking of consumers. Other tea brands such as Twinings and Rooibos tea are very difficult to attract consumer in Malaysia because they do not promote and advertise their product much. They do not approach consumers, and that case has given opportunity to BOH tea to target consumer attitude in the sense of drinking tea with love ones, the bonding and relationship that is created with the people around us Culture The direct definition from textbook about culture is That complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man person as a member of society. (Further explanation of culture can be obtain in the appendix) Tea has been diversified over the years such as lifestyle, customs of tea and not to forget combined social process such as learning, planting, and using tea. Tea culture has struck people of all ages. In the young generation, entertainment on weekend draws young group of enthusiastic customers. Example, young people are more interested on meeting people in coffeehouse while having a cup of tea. The interest in tea drinking among people assures diverse and sophisticated customer base on now and future. As for the older generation, the fact that the price of a cup of tea and snack is relatively modest, they can also meet up with friends and relax and work at the same time. This is benefiting them rather than spendi ng money on alcoholic drink in a bar. Thus, the young generation will be an important target market. Subculture Identification with core culture Identification with a subculture Mass market behaviors Unique market behavior Core culture values and norms Subculture values and norms Individuals A subculture is a section of a larger culture whose members shares distinguish values and pattern behavior. Social history and current situation of the groups generates the unique values and pattern of behavior which they practices in their subculture. One good example of tea subculture in Malaysia is the element of showmanship in preparing teh tarik .A hot beverage prepared and commonly found restaurants and outdoor stalls. Teh tarik literally means tea pouring in a sense. Above is a picture on how Teh tarik is prepared. It is the ability to drag a long stream of tea above the head of the brewer in an amusing way that it draws the attention for locals and tourists alike as an entertainment that we do not usually see elsewhere. The sub culture of this has drive teh tarik brewers to gather for competitions and performance to show their skills. This preparation of tea has recognized as beverage heritage in Malaysia. Group Group can be said that two or more individual who shares the same set of norm, values and beliefs. Reference group A group whose values, norms, attitudes, or beliefs that are use as a guide for behavior. A group whose presumed perspective or values are being used by individual as basis for her or his current behavior in situation. Example, colleagues at work, friends at school, members of clubs and so on Aspiration group is a group where an individual would belong, dissociative group which a person does not want to associated with them. Society Society is made up of individuals who have agreed to work together for mutual benefit. It can be a very broad term, as we can make generalizations about what the whole of Western society believes, or it can be a very narrow definition, describing only a small group of people within a given community. But no matter the size, and no matter the link that binds a society together, be it religious, geographic, professional or economic, society is shaped by the relationships between individuals. Life style influence Lifestyle is a common word to explain complicated consumer behaviors. Lifestyle is a way to segment people into groups based on three things: opinions, attitudes and activities. Lifestyle means the ways groups of consumers spend time and money. Lifestyle can include things like bowling, cooking, car racing, kayaking, attending charity events, having pets, interest in politics, watching sporting events and so on Everyone has two lifestyles-the one they are currently in and the one they want to be in, which is always better than the current one. Marketers exploit this desire to move into a better lifestyle by showcasing people who are better off than the intended target market in their ads. For example most ads targeting children show children that are almost too old for the product, this appeals to younger children who desire to be like them. Marketing strategy ( the 4 Ps ) The goal is to make decisions that center the four Ps on the customers in the target market in order to create perceived value and generate a positive response. Product Decisions Tangible physical products that can be sold to consumer .The decision making of BOH tea are such as brands name, safety, packaging, and also quality. Above the BOH tea brands that comes with the trademark of puts the Ummph in life that literally means enjoy life to the max with just a cup of tea. Below are a few products of BOH tea in their preferred packaging. BOH ice tea with blackcurrent flavor Gold BOH Cameroon blend BOH instant tea mix BOH green tea Pricing decision Below is the pricing decision of BOH tea products which is literally cheaper then their competitor such as Twinings and Roobois tea. Name of Products description Size Price ($) BOH Cameronian-Gold Blend Cameronian-Gold Blend is distinguished for its exceptionally smooth flavor and rich golden color. 50 individual foil sealed teabags x 2g (100g) 6.35 BOH Green Tea Natural green tea that refreshes and soothes the mind 50 individual teabags x 1.5g (75g) 6.35 BOH tea instant mix Pre-blended with tasty creamer with sweetened sugar 30 sachets X 20g ( 600)g 7.35 BOH tea instant mix no sugar Pre-blended with tasty creamer with no sugar. 20 sachets X 11.5g (230g) 5.35 Place distribution BOH tea can easily obtain at any retail outlet in Malaysia, consumer can easily purchase it anywhere without having to trouble themselves to travel far and wide. Promotion BOH has done many advertisement and promotion in order to strengthen their brand in the market of tea in Malaysia. BOH yea has created friendly image that was abkle to strike deep in the consumers heart ensuring popularity and liking among the people BOH embraced the new technology, television by combining it with animation, creating one of the most recognizable advertising icons of the period: Mr. BOH The 1Ummph 1Smile 1Malaysia campaign that was organize by BOH tea was a success as Malaysians step up to the challenge of spreading love to the underprivileged merely through a smile. The campaign was promoted through website, radio, tv stations where photograph of consumers can upload onto the 1Ummph 1Smile Malaysia photo gallery website page. This collage took the creative team over 100 hours to put it up together , it measured up to 33 feet by 75 feet tall. There are also different kinds of variables that can be use for segmentation: Demographic Demographic variables such as income, gender, education, location, ethnicity, and family size are basically tied to subculture and segmentation. The graph above shows the Malaysian population by age group from year 2005 to 2009. From this graph, BOH tea can focus on which group of generation that they want to target, but BOH tea has decided to target people from all ages groups except children because there is no harm drinking tea but provides health benefits so it is highly recommended by every age group.